Penggunaan Media Digital dan Perkembangan Sosial-Emosional Anak Usia Dini

Authors

  • Ulfa Arkhetafaza Institut Agama Islam Al Hikmah Lampung, Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Ardi Antoro Institut Agama Islam Al Hikmah Lampung, Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Feri Riski Dinata Institut Agama Islam Al Hikmah Lampung, Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59698/afeksi.v7i1.1106

Keywords:

Anak Usia Dini, Media Digital, Perkembanan Sosial-Emosional, Parental Mediation, Screen Time, Technoference

Abstract

Paparan media digital telah menjadi bagian dari keseharian anak usia dini, tetapi implikasinya terhadap perkembangan sosial-emosional tidak dapat dijelaskan hanya melalui durasi layar. Artikel ini bertujuan mensintesis bukti ilmiah mengenai hubungan penggunaan media digital dengan regulasi emosi, perilaku, kompetensi sosial, dan kualitas interaksi anak, sekaligus mengidentifikasi kondisi yang memperbesar risiko atau justru mendukung perkembangan. Penelitian menggunakan tinjauan literatur integratif dengan penelusuran artikel peer-reviewed yang relevan melalui basis data dan laman penerbit ilmiah. Literatur dianalisis secara tematik dengan memusatkan perhatian pada durasi dan pola penggunaan, kualitas konten, penggunaan media untuk menenangkan emosi, technoference, pendampingan orang dewasa, serta joint media engagement. Sintesis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan layar yang tinggi, konten yang tidak sesuai usia, paparan televisi latar, dan penggunaan perangkat yang mengganggu rutinitas interaksi orang tua-anak cenderung berkaitan dengan hasil psikososial yang kurang menguntungkan. Penggunaan perangkat secara berulang sebagai strategi utama untuk menenangkan anak juga berhubungan secara dua arah dengan reaktivitas emosional. Sebaliknya, konten edukatif yang sesuai perkembangan, pendampingan aktif, percakapan selama penggunaan media, dan keterlibatan bersama orang tua dapat mendukung pembelajaran sosial, pengenalan emosi, komunikasi, dan perilaku prososial. Temuan menegaskan bahwa efek media digital bersifat kontekstual: kualitas konten, tujuan, cara penggunaan, dan apa yang tergantikan oleh waktu layar sama pentingnya dengan durasi. Oleh karena itu, teknologi sebaiknya diposisikan sebagai pelengkap, bukan pengganti, interaksi tatap muka, bermain aktif, dan pengalaman sosial anak.

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Published

2026-08-21

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026)

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